The Shinsengumi Monument In Tokyo

This memorial stone monument was erected by former Shinsengumi officer Nagakura Shinpachi and others at Takinogawa in Kita-ku, Tokyo in 1876, around nine years after the fall of the Tokugawa Bakufu, to memorialize 106 former Shinsengumi corpsmen. Engraved on the front of the monument are the names of the late commander, Kondo Isami, and the late vice-commander, Hijikata Toshizo, set apart from the other 104 men, whose names appear on either side of the stone. After Kondo was executed by the army of the new Imperial government in the spring of 1868, his headless corpse is believed to have been buried at this site.

Kondo and Hijikata are the focus of The Shogun’s Last Samurai Corps: The Bloody Battles and Intrigues of the Shinsengumi, the new and expanded edition of my previous book on the Shinsengumi, due to be released in March 2021.

[The oil painting of Kondo Isami, based on the more famous photograph, belongs to the KojimaMuseum in Machida, Tokyo.]

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Samurai Revolution Miniseries Project (2)

 

[Wanted: International media professionals with vision to make a miniseries based on Romulus Hillsborough’s Samurai Revolution]
The Samurai Revolution: a series of tumultuous events of the mid-19th century by which Japan was transformed from a country of hundreds of feudal domains under the hegemony of the Tokugawa Shogun, into a modern industrialized world power under the unifying rule of the Emperor. “The samurai revolution at the dawn of modern Japan,” as I wrote in the Prologue of my eponymous history of the era, “is a human drama of epic proportion unfolding amid a whirlwind of world-shaping events of such complexity and speed that sometimes even the leading players got lost in the maelstrom.” Featured is a cast of samurai, historical personages all, engaged in Machiavellian maneuverings among leaders of the shogun’s government, the most powerful feudal lords, and nobles of the Imperial Court; intrigue among nobles at the Imperial Palace and the ladies of the shogun’s inner-palace, one of whom was rumored to have been raped by a close advisor to the shogun; the mysterious death of the Emperor, who some, including the British diplomat Ernest Satow, believe was actually murdered by arsenic poisoning; and numerous assassinations committed as “divine punishment” by samurai on both sides of the conflict. As the driving force behind the Samurai Revolution, the assassins, I have written elsewhere, “transformed the formerly tranquil streets of the Imperial Capital into a sea of blood. . . . Terror reigned. . . .The assassins skewered the heads of their victims onto bamboo stakes. They stuck the stakes into the soft mud along the riverbank. The spectacle by dawn was ghastly.”
        *                              *                       *                           *

Samurai Revolutionwill make a riveting miniseries, co-narrated by Katsu Kaishu, the “shogun’s last samurai,” who is the focus on the book, and his political ally and confidant, Ernest Satow.

Interested producers and media professionals are urged to contact Romulus Hillsborough under the “Contact the Author” tab in the menu above.


“Hillsborough’s prose is cinematic and intense.” The Wargamer

“Hillsborough deserves high praise for successfully combining high drama… with meticulous scholarship.”  The Daily Yomiuri

“Hillsborough does a great job of elucidating the complex customs that ruled Edo Period life and politics.“ The Japan Times

“[an] absorbing if sometimes gruesome reading for anybody who wishes to understand the chaos in which the shogunate was finally engulfed, not least for its study of significant figures on various sides of the struggle . . . .” Times Literary Supplement

[About the above portrait of Katsu Kaishu: The overthrow of the Bakufu in 1868 sparked a contained civil war that threatened to spread throughout the country, endangering Japan’s sovereignty. To avoid catastrophe, Kaishu, as commander in chief of the fallen shogun’s still formidable military, negotiated an eleventh-hour peace, including the surrender of the shogun’s castle, with the commander of the Imperial Army. For that he was considered a traitor by many in the Tokugawa camp. Behind him is a stonewall of the castle, to the left of which is a fellow Bakufu samurai, sword drawn, as if ready to attack him. The portrait is based on a photograph taken at the British Legation in Yokohama by Ernest Satow, secretary to the British minister to Japan, around the time the castle was surrendered. “I was so very sleepy at the time,” Kaishu recalled years later. “But they dragged me over there. Satow took it, because, as he said, ‘You’re going to be killed.’”]

 


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Samurai Revolution Miniseries Project (1)

[Wanted: International media professionals with vision to make a miniseries based on Romulus Hillsborough’s Samurai Revolution]

[Samurai] working under [Imperial Loyalist leader] Takéchi [Hanpeita] in the name of . . . “divine punishment”—went after . . . just about anyone who opposed or even seemed to challenge [them]. The . . . assassins terrorized the city. The murders they committed in the name of “divine punishment,” write Takéchi’s early biographers, were “a vengeful reaction” against [the shogun’s government], which turned Kyoto into so many scenes of carnage, that “even the dancing girls . . ., frightened by the sound of the carp jumping from the ponds at night, would go together every morning, in their long-sleeved muslin kimonos, to see the freshly severed heads [exposed] at the river bed.” [From Romulus Hillsborough’s Samurai Assassins, companion volume to his Samurai Revolution]

Takéchi ordered his first “divine punishment” assassination in Kyoto in the late summer of 1862. The target was Honma Seiichirō, a fellow Imperial Loyalist activist whom he believed had crossed him.

Honma’s “freshly severed head” was found exposed the next morning, skewered atop a bamboo stake stuck in the mud on the riverbed at a place called Shijōkawara. His body had been dumped into the nearby Takaségawa canal; but in the early morning rain it was washed downstream so that it had to be retrieved by men from the local town office, who found it still fully clothed in a hakama(pleated trousers) of striped Kokura weave, hakata-obi(sash), black haori(jacket), and dark blue tabi(socks). The wooden signboard hanging from the stake below the head announced the reason for Honma’s “divine punishment,” including his having “slandered” [Takéchi’s political allies]; setting the Loyalists against one another; “wicked scheming”; and “other unreasonable wickedness difficult to express in writing”—or in other words, vying for power with Takéchi Hanpeita. [From Samurai Assassins]

Samurai Revolution Miniseries Project


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New and Expanded Edition of My First Shinsengumi Book

The new edition of my first Shinsengumi book is due for release in March 2021. Following is the opening of the Introduction to the new edition:[1]

The Shinsengumi was a police force organized in the spring of 1863 to guard the shōgun, quell sedition and restore law and order in the Imperial capital of Kyōto during the upheaval of the 1860s. In this book, previously published under a different title,I have demonstrated how the Shinsengumi earned its well-deserved reputation as the most feared police force in Japanese history. But the Shinsengumi was much more than that. While this book is a history-in-brief of the Shinsengumi, providing a solid foundation for understanding “the shōgun’s last samurai corps” and the complex intricacies of the final years and collapse of the shōgun’s regime, further research has led me to write a second book that will be an in-depth history and more complete study of the Shinsengumi.

While readers of the current volume will become familiar with an array of historical figures, including several of the key members of the Shinsengumi, the focal personalities are the commander, Kondō Isami, and the vice commander, Hijikata Toshizō. Kondō was chief instructor of the Tennen Rishin style of kenjutsu (Japanese swordsmanship). Since I did not write much on the history of the style in the original publication, the following brief historical background, based on my subsequent research, will benefit readers of this book. Readers will also benefit from a brief comparison between Kondō’s and Hijikata’s practice of kenjutsu, along with a short discussion of the swords that each man favored, both of which, included in this Introduction, are also the result of my subsequent research.

[1]This book was originally published in 2005 under the title Shinsengumi: The Shōgun’s Last Samurai Corps. There is no change in the contents, other than the addition of the Introduction.

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Statue of Shinsengumi Vice-commander Hijikata Toshizo At Takahata Fudo Temple in Hino

Shinsengumi Commander Kondo Isami and Vice-commander Hijikata Toshizo were glorified as heroes upon their return to their native Tama in early 1868, shortly after the fall of the Bakufu. In death, not long thereafter, they were apotheosized. On the grounds of Takahata Fudo temple in Hino (in Tama), the stone Monument of the Two Heroes was completed in 1888, twenty years after Kondo’s execution, nineteen years after Hijikata fell in battle. Over a century later a bronze statue of Hijikata was erected near the monument. As I wrote in the closing of Shinsengumi: The Shogun’s Last Samurai Corps, “[t]he right hand grips a sword. The left fist is clenched. The eyes… the eyes battle-ready, are ever prepared for death, to meet Kondo underground.”

[I took this photo in October 2003 while researching Shinsengumi: The Shogun’s Last Samurai Corps (Tuttle, 2005). A new edition with a new Introduction and revised title, The Shogun’s Last Samurai Corps, will be published in March 2021.

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